There is quite a number of cultures existing and continuously practiced by different indigenous communities in the islands. It is estimated that there is 110 languages in the archipelago and the concept of “Manggayaw” or “Panggayaw” is commonplace. The said word is being used by indigenous communities in different areas in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. It corresponds with attacking from the waters or land on specific targets considered to be “enemies”.
Manggayaw or Panggayaw could be due to various reasons such as revenge, protection, raiding for marriage or pillaging for its own sake and slave trading in certain places.
Barbaric could be the first thing which comes to minds. Others consider it an uncivilized act based on how we were raised and brought up by our society. This could only be the case if the institutions like the government, market, school or church shaped our consciousness the way it did.
Therefore it is so much better to be familiar with this part of our culture which our ancestors are proud and considered to be positive in regards to marriage, blood pact, trade and even warfare. It is an imperative for many Lumads in the archipelago to engage in Panggayaw or “Panggagamot.” These practices are imbedded in our belief system which resonates also with marriage, planting, hunting, exchange and ritual offerings to indigenous spirits.
According to the colonizers (republican government, communists and the church) these practices which emanated from our ancestors are backward and needed to be replaced. Such practices like tattooing, ornamentation of the body, acting according to indigenous beliefs and spirituality which were later on demonized by western Christians. Based on numerous records in history, many “Babaylan” and violence against communities who resisted domination. In essence, there is no perfect culture or society and if we would surmise the old ways are the best. Compared with the so-called development which destroys nature, kills communities, controls resources by some families and corporations, and which perpetuates poverty and hunger.
It could also be assumed that panggayaw is a norm, accepted by members of the society which our ancestors belong to, they might not consider it evil or detrimental. It is one of the practices which the foreign colonizers tried to remove because it is a direct threat to their interests.
Within the context of the Battle of Mactan in Cebu, the Lapu-Lapu led panggayaw was successful in protecting their sovereignty and maintained its autonomy. Since the Visayas, for the most part, accepted the Spanish authorities and the Church’s supremacy in Mindanao’s indigenous communities, panggayaw was regularly practiced. In Northern Luzon, panggayaw was also the tactical choice for the indigenous peoples to keep the colonizers at bay. At present, some Lumads in Mindanao are still engaged in panggayaw, armed with improvised weapons, indigenous tools to protect themselves from armed groups.
Panggayaw is still appropriate and timely practice which is very much part of our everyday lives which could be appropriated in contemporary ways. This is one of the parts of our culture which is considered to be violent but is necessary based on its context and situation. The question to be asked, is there a more violent way of livelihood than extractive industries? What could be more violent than marginalization and obliteration of indigenous culture? Is there something more bloody and more violent than the poverty and hunger caused by war?
Panggayaw is one of our practices which could be a response to violence brought upon us by corporations, armed groups, some institutions aimed at oppression, profiteering, control of indigenous communities in the islands.
Let’s go, let’s manggayaw to protect what is left of our indigenous cultures. Let’s manggayaw to redeem our indigenous selves from the institution of market, government, church and corporations.
* Onsite Infoshop x Local Autonomous Network (LAN)
* Etniko bandido infoshop
Solidarity to the fight of the Lumad people (Philippines)
We are currently supporting a campaign of the Lumad, an indigenous people who are victimized by atrocities of three institutions : the corporations, government military/para-military and left-wing insurgents (New People’s Army – NPA).
Our call is:
END LUMAD EXPLOITATION AND KILLINGS!
LET THE LUMAD SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES!
CORPORATIONS, STATE MILITARY AND LEFT-WING INSURGENTS – KEEP OUT OF LUMAD ANCESTRAL LANDS.
DON’T BE USED BY LEFT AND RIGHT WING PARTIES.
FIGHT FOR AUTONOMY!
The Lumad comprise the indigenous people living in Southern Mindanao. They have become refugees in different parts of the country as they flee from escalating violence, rape and harassment.
Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP)
Public Statement
4 September 2015 – AIPP strongly condemns the continued brutal killings of Lumads in Mindanao of the Philippines at the hands of paramilitary groups and security forces. At least 13 Lumad human rights defenders and community members, including two children, have been killed in five incidents of extrajudicial killings and four massacres in the past eight months, with the recent killings of Emerito Samarca, Executive Director of a tribal school, and two other Lumad leaders in Surigao del Sur on 1 September. In the aftermath of the killings, more than 4000 Lumads evacuated to a neighboring village due to fear for their safety, and schools have been closed down.
The targeted killings of Emerito Samarca, regarded as pioneer of alternative education system for disadvantaged indigenous youth, and the two tribal leaders, once again unleashes the spate of state-sponsored terror against its own people, especially the Lumads in Mindanao. Less than two weeks ago, military had allegedly massacred five farmers in Bukidnon – two of them were minors. This has brought the total number of extrajudicial killings to 68 under the incumbent Aquino regime. In almost all of the killings, the victims were falsely framed as members and supporters of New Peoples Army. Ground reports show that all the victims of recent spate of killings were innocent civilians – among them, some were leaders and advocates of the Lumads’ rights.
The increasing figure of extrajudicial killings under the current Aquino government, particularly targeting Lumads and other indigenous peoples in the Philippines, is a clear indication of its failure to protect and respect the inherent rights to life and dignity of its citizens. Killings of innocent civilians at the hands of paramilitary and security forces are gross violations of human rights that demand immediate justice.
AIPP is deeply alarmed by the fact that the reason behind heavy militarization of Lumad communities in Mindanao – half of all the Armed Forces of the Philippines are deployed in the region – is merely to protect the interests of mining companies and other corporate entities to loot and plunder the vast mineral resources from Lumad lands and territories. The use of excessive violence by State security forces to respond to the Lumads’ legitimate defense of their rights to land, territories and resources against plunder and land grabbing is resulting in gross human rights violations. By now, thousands of Lumads are living in evacuation camps across the region because of this militarization.
Fresh incidents of violence, despite strong recommendations of the UN Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons after his recent country visit to the Philippines, including to the region of Mindanao, in August clearly demonstrate the lack of political will of the Government to adhere to its international human rights obligations. They also exemplify the worsening discrimination against and unjust treatment of indigenous peoples, including the right to education of indigenous children. Asserting that some leaders and members of the indigenous communities have been killed over the past years reportedly due to their anti-mining activities, the Special Rapporteur urged the Government, in consultation with indigenous peoples, to give greater attention to addressing the causes of displacement whether it is due to the militarization of their areas or development projects.
Victims of any of the killings and massacres have not been provided justice. AIPP denounces, in the strongest terms, the prevailing culture of impunity for such heinous crimes. The immunity provided to paramilitary and security forces as an integral part of Aquino’s counter-insurgency program ‘Oplan Bayanihan’ must end if it is to provide any justice to the victims.
AIPP calls on the concerned Filipino authorities to promptly conduct an independent and transparent investigation of all the extrajudicial killings under the current regime. It appeals for an immediate end to the militarization in indigenous communities, including termination of the counter-insurgency program ‘Oplan Bayanihan’, withdrawal of military and paramilitary troops from the communities and dismantling of private armies. It also urges the Government to revoke the Executive Order 546, which legitimizes formation of such paramilitary groups.
Further, AIPP appeals to the Filipino government to immediately stop all destructive projects in ancestral territories, including mining, hydroelectricity and logging and uphold the rights of indigenous peoples, including their rights to lands, territories and resources and self-determination, in line with its international human rights obligations. AIPP also calls on the government to implement the recommendations of the former Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Philip Alston, contained in his report to the Human Rights Council A/HRC/11/2/Add.8 29 April 2009 and the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons, Chaloka Beyani, with regards to the situation of internally displaced indigenous peoples.
SOURCE
TIMELINE: Attacks on the Lumad of Mindanao
http://www.rappler.com/views/imho/107087-human-rights-watch-heads-roll-over-attacks-lumad-philippines
#StopLumadKillings! Stop the Attacks on the Lumad, Indigenous Peoples in Mindanao
http://www.mindanews.com/statements/2015/09/24/stoplumadkillings-stop-the-attacks-on-the-lumad-indigenous-peoples-in-mindanao/
Philippine government deaf, dumb, and blind to Lumads
At a roundtable with the Philippine Daily Inquirer on September 8, when asked about the plight of the lumad, about a surge of deaths and murders in indigenous communities in Mindanao, President Aquio said: “There is no campaign to kill anybody.”
Not that he knows (or would acknowledge) at least.
The President’s answer was not only curt, it was pointless. The truth is he was never asked to confirm the crisis. The assassination of lumad leaders is confirmed and undisputed. The real question was intended to prompt some hint of action. As in: What’s your plan?
In case you haven’t heard: There is fear spreading like a forest fire among communities of lumad – indigenous peoples – in Mindanao.
Recently, tribal leaders Dionel Campos and Bello Sinzo were executed in front of hundreds, including children, in Han-ayan, Lianga, Surigao del Sur, while in a room of the Alternative Learning Center for Agricultural and Livelihood Development (Alcadev), the school to which he had dedicated his life and which had reaped many awards – including from the Department of Education – for its pioneering work with Manobo youth, the beloved educator Emerito Samarca was found with his throat slit from ear to ear.
The gruesome deaths triggered the mass evacuation of close to 3,000 stunned Manobo to Tandag City, where they remain to this day.